1. Lean the head back and hold the nose just above the bridge
   Stuff tissue in the nose
2. Lean the head forward and hold the nose just below the bridge
   Pinch the nostrils closed

In the event of a bloody nose (which are most often caused by nose-picking), lean the head forward and hold the nose with pressure just below the bridge and wait. Tilting the head back can cause the person to swallow blood. Stuffing the nostrils and pinching the nostrils are both ineffective and can be harmful.

1. Place the affected body part in hot water
   Warm it through skin-to-skin contact or warm water
2. Place the affected body part under a blanket
   Blow on it with warm air

Frostbite is a serious condition best treated by medical professionals. If you cannot get medical help in time, though, the best way to warm frostbite is to do it gradually through skin-to-skin contact or warm water no hotter than 104 degrees Fahrenheit. Applying hot pads or other heat sources can burn the skin.

1. With your teeth
   By scraping it with a card
2. With sterilized tweezers
   Any way you can, just do it quickly

Many myths state that a bee stinger must be removed only in a particular way. The most important thing to focus on, though, is removing the stinger as rapidly as possible so that less venom enters the bloodstream. Get it out however you can — just do it quickly! Don’t use your teeth, though. That’s a good way to cause infection.

1. Pass smelling salts beneath the nose
   Lay them flat on their back and raise legs above heart level
2. Lay them on their stomach and monitor breathing
   Try to wake them with light slaps to the face

When a person faints, the cause may either be of no serious concern or a sign of a serious condition. Until the cause is certain, treat it as an emergency. Lay the person on their back and raise the legs above the heart. Be sure to check breathing and pulse, and begin chest compressions and call 911 if the heart stops.

1. Call 911
   Give them an alcoholic drink
2. Remove wet clothes
   Cover them with a blanket

Hypothermia, if left untreated, can be fatal and should be treated by medical professionals, if possible. Call 911 if someone is hypothermic. Remove wet clothes and replace them with dry clothes or blankets. Do not give a hypothermic person alcohol, as it can interfere with the body’s ability to warm itself.

1. Induce vomiting with a syrup of ipecac
   Induce vomiting by placing something at the back of the throat
2. Remove anything you find in their mouth
   Make the child drink lots of water

If a child, or anyone else, is suspected of ingesting a poisonous item and has no symptoms, call the poison helpline immediately. Call 911 if the person is having symptoms of poisoning, like drowsiness, unconsciousness or seizures. While you wait, you can remove anything you find in the mouth and search for any sign of what the person ingested.

1. Sipping small amounts of caffeine
   Sipping small amounts of a rehydrating solution
2. Eating cheese
   Avoiding all food and beverages

If you experience persistent diarrhea as a result of gastroenteritis, take small amounts of a rehydrating beverage, like a sports drink, to prevent dehydration. Ease back into eating with simple foods, like soda crackers, and avoid dairy products, caffeine and alcohol. If diarrhea continues more than four days, stomach pain intensifies or you experience a high fever, seek medical help.

1. Drain the liquid and cover it with gauze
   Leave the blister alone
2. Pierce the blister and place a bandaid over it
   Squeeze the blister till it bursts

If a blister is not causing excessive pain, it is best to keep it intact so that the skin can provide a natural bandage and openings in the skin do not create the possibility for infection to enter in. If you are not continuing the activity that caused the blister, it will likely heal on its own.

1. Shivering
   A body temperature lower than 98
2. Hot, dry skin or excessive sweating
   Oddly clear thinking

Hot, dry skin or excessive sweating can both be signs of heat stroke, a potentially life-threatening condition. If someone may have heat stroke, call 911, remove them from the heat and do whatever you can to cool them down. Spraying them with water, applying cool compresses and drinking cool — but not cold — water can help.

1. As long as it is a minor bite that only breaks the skin and is not deep
   Under no conditions
2. Only if it is a deep puncture
   Only if the animal was a bat

Minor animal bites can be treated with simple soap, water and antibiotic ointment. Other factors, like the risk of rabies, contact with wild animals or deep punctures, require medical attention. Bites from bats can cause rabies without even leaving a mark on the skin.

1. Too little sleep
   Brain damage
2. Bumping heads together with someone
   A skull fracture

While black eyes are typically caused by injuries that are not serious, they can sometimes point to a more severe wound. Dark circles around both eyes, sometimes called "racoon eyes," can be an indicator that the skull may be fractured.

1. Applying vinegar to the sting
   Applying a cold compress to the sting
2. Peeing on the sting
   Applying alcohol to the sting

While many people swear by the pain relief offered by peeing on a jellyfish sting, the experts say that it’s not as effective as vinegar. Vinegar has a high acid content which neutralizes the venom, and urine does not always have a high acid content. You don’t want your friend to pee on you for no reason!

1. Cry it out
   Flush the eye with cool water for at least 15 minutes
2. Flush the eye with a forceful stream of water
   Rub the eyes until they feel better

If you get any chemicals in your eyes, the first immediate step is to flush them out with a gentle stream of cool water. You can stand in the shower and hold your eyelids open in the stream or splash water into them from a faucet. Always remove contact lenses. Call an eye specialist to check for damage, or call 911 if any symptoms develop.

1. Applying a cold compress
   Applying a frozen steak
2. Applying ice directly to the skin
   Pressing a cold compress directly on the eye

While it has been tried and true as a myth, the advice to place a frozen steak is not the best method for reducing swelling on a black eye. The steak, while nice and cold, also may be host to E. coli and other bacteria that you don’t want to introduce to the eye. A cold compress will be just fine, just don’t put ice directly on skin or press on the eye itself.

1. Try to retrieve the object if you can’t see it clearly
   Blow the nose gently
2. Use tweezers to grab it if you can clearly see it
   Call for medical help if you can’t retrieve the object easily

If you can’t easily see it, trying to retrieve an object in the nose can cause it to become more lodged and more difficult to recover. Try gently blowing the nose to extract the object, and call for medical help if this doesn’t do the trick.

1. A large bump
   Leaking fluid from the nose or ears
2. Different sized pupils
   Heavy bleeding from the head or face

Many head injuries can heal without a trip to the emergency room, but some symptoms show signs that you’ll want to get checked out. A large bump is a normal reaction to head trauma and does not require medical attention. For any of the other symptoms, though, a doctor should check to make sure other internal damage has not occurred.

1. No matter how deep the wound is
   If the wound is from a nail
2. If the wound is very deep or cannot be cleaned
   If the wound does not bleed very much

Puncture wounds often do not bleed very much, but they can easily lead to infections. It’s crucial to seek medical care if a wound is too deep to clean. Wounds from nails that are not too deep may heal if adequately washed and antibiotic ointment applied — as long as the person has had a tetanus shot in the past 10 years.

1. Don’t do anything; just call 911
   Give chest compressions
2. Give chest compressions and rescue breaths
   Just give rescue breaths

Even if you are not trained in CPR, you can still do your best to do chest compressions, and it may save someone’s life. If someone else is there, have them call 911 while you do. If not, call first, then begin CPR. The American Heart Association recommends that you do not try to give rescue breaths if you are not trained.

1. If it starts blistering
   If it is quite painful
2. If it is numb
   If it is larger than three inches in diameter

If a person, especially a child, suffers a burn larger than three inches in diameter, they may need medical care. Numbness, pain, and even blistering are normal effects of minor burns. While painful, they can be treated carefully at home.

1. Pour alcohol over it
   Pour iodine over it
2. Run cool water over it and wash around, but not in, the wound with soap
   Wash the wound with soap and water

To clean a cut, run cool water over it for several minutes and wash around the wound with soap. Be careful not to get soap in the wound and avoid using alcohol, iodine or hydrogen peroxide in the wound as these can all be irritants. Put on an antibiotic ointment and keep an eye on the area for infection.

1. Put it under cool water
   Put ice on it
2. Blow on it
   Pour alcohol on it

The first thing to do in the case of a burn is to take away the source of the burn. The second thing is to stop the burning by cooling down the skin. However, contrary to common myths, applying ice to a burn can be damaging, not helpful. Ice can further damage burned skin, so you should place the burn in cool water.

1. Try to straighten out the leg.
   Try to get them to move their leg in small circles to restore range of motion.
2. Place a splint above and below the hurt area and immobilize it.
   See if they can walk on it.

If someone experiences excruciating pain with even small movements, they likely have a broken bone. If so, they will need to see a doctor. If you can’t get immediately to a doctor, do your best to immobilize the wound with a splint. Do not move the wounded area, and definitely do not try to use it.

1. The bite begins to grow an ulcer around it.
   The bite is very itchy.
2. The bite is red.
   The child is afraid of spiders.

Most spider bites can be treated at home, but a few spiders, like black widows and brown recluses, can be quite dangerous. One sign that a bite can be serious is an ulcer growing around the bite. Severe pain, nausea and vomiting are other signs to call for help.

1. Give them something to drink.
   Inject them with the EpiPen that you carry.
2. Ask if they have an EpiPen and if they want you to inject them.
   Wait to see if their condition worsens before doing anything.

If your friend is showing signs of anaphylactic shock, like hives, ask them if they have an EpiPen and if they want you to inject it. They likely know what will be best to treat their allergy. If they do not have one, call 911 immediately. Antihistamine pills are not sufficiently potent to treat anaphylactic shock.

1. Rub your eye to try to remove sand.
   Wash out your eye with water or saline wash.
2. Try to remove sand with tweezers.
   Drive to the hospital with your eyes closed.

If you sense that you may have scratched your eye, you will likely need medical attention. In the meantime, you can rinse out your eye with water or saline to remove any particles that may still be irritating the eye. Do not rub the eye or try to remove anything with tweezers.

1. Tie off the bite site with a tourniquet.
   Suck out the venom.
2. Wait to see if the bite gets worse.
   Seek medical attention, just in case.

If a snake bites you, and you’re not sure whether it's venomous, go ahead and seek medical attention. By the time you get to the hospital, you may know the bite is not deteriorating, and you won’t need to be admitted. If the bite is venomous, though, you’ll need to have help as quickly as possible. Do not use a tourniquet or try to suck out the venom, as both of these can worsen snake bites.

1. Try to help them sit up to drink water.
   Place towels on either side of the head to prevent motion.
2. Roll them to their side.
   See if they can stand up.

If someone receives an injury to the back, it’s crucial not to move them, as this can worsen a spinal injury. Do what you can to help them stay still until professional help arrives. Do not let them try to get up.

1. Light a match, blow it out and use the heat to get the tick to back out.
   Squeeze the skin until the tick comes out.
2. Pull it out with a gradual, twisting motion.
   Grab the tick with tweezers and steadily pull it straight out.

Contrary to folklore, it’s not recommended to use a hot match to get a tick to back out. It works best to use tweezers to pull a tick straight out. Squeezing or twisting the tick may cause parts of the insect to get left in the skin. Check on tick bites for redness and swelling.

1. Get them out of the sun and apply a cooling lotion to the skin.
   Apply more sunscreen and stay on the beach.
2. Pop any blisters that appear.
   Call 911.

If your child shows signs of sunburn, it’s best to get them out of the sun and apply a cooling lotion, like aloe vera. Remaining in the sun can worsen sunburns. If the burn develops blisters, leave them to heal on their own, as they can prevent infection. Large blisters may require medical attention.

1. One week
   Two to three days
2. Five hours
   One month

A sprain, tears in the ligaments that hold joints and bones together, should begin to improve in two to three days. If it does not, the injury may be a fracture and not just a sprain, so you may need to seek medical attention.

1. Pick it up by the root and put it in a glass of milk.
   Handle it only by the crown, clean in water for 10 seconds, and put it back in the socket.
2. Don’t clean it with anything and put it back in the socket.
   Consider it a loss.

Sometimes permanent teeth can be saved and put back in if you follow careful steps. Teeth can be cleaned for 10 seconds in water and placed back in the socket until you see your dentist. Do not touch the roots of teeth, as this can keep them from recovering.

1. Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
   Recreation, Ibuprofen, Call your Friends, Exercise
2. Drink plenty of liquids and only allow a little weight on the sprain
   Walk it out

The acronym R.I.C.E. is advised to help a sprain heal. It stands for rest, ice, compression, elevation. Staying off of a sprain for about three days, applying ice four to eight times a day, compressing the affected area and holding it above the heart can all help speed recovery.

1. When the burn blisters have puss in them
   When the pain doesn’t subside after two hours
2. When they experience nausea
   They should always see a doctor.

People who suffer electrical burns should always see a doctor. This is because electrical burns, whether from a house current, lightning or any other reason, can cause internal damage that you may not be able to see on the surface.

1. You may be having appendicitis.
   You may be having a heart attack.
2. You may need to lie down.
   You may be need to do more yoga.

Squeezing pain or discomfort in your chest that spreads across your back may be symptoms of a heart attack. Don’t try to work through it. Chew and swallow an aspirin and call 911.

1. Nothing, it will come out in a bowel movement.
   Conduct the Heimlich maneuver on them.
2. Go to the hospital to have it removed immediately.
   Slap them on the back.

If a child (or an adult) swallows a round battery, do not wait for it to pass. These batteries can burn through internal tissues within just two hours and cause severe damage and even death. It’s imperative to get emergency medical care if one is swallowed.